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Nissan Sentra — the used buyer's guide

Every generation: what ownership is like, what breaks at what mileage, what repairs cost, and what to check before you buy.

Search 'Nissan Sentra years to avoid' and the lists agree on the CVT years without agreeing on the span. One Nissan dealer blog names 2013 and 2014 for CVT failures and stalling. A Reddit owner says 2004-2005 and 2013-2015. None of the lists shows a count behind the years.

This page walks eight Sentra generations back to 1985. For each, it shows what breaks, what repairs cost where we found sources, and what to check in person. We add our own numbers, NHTSA complaints per catalog listing and how often ads mention a problem, always with the denominator. Ad mentions are not confirmed failures.

Our fixed rule flags two Sentra years. 2013: 638 complaints across 141 listings, 4.52 per listing against a 2013-2019 median of 1.94; 8 of 103 enriched ads mention a problem against a generation median of 6.7%, a thin margin that also holds with rust left out (7 of 103). 2007: 154 complaints across 35 listings, 4.40 per listing against a 2007-2012 median of 2.14, on a small base of 35 listings and 21 enriched ads. The other years named by third parties do not pass: 2014 runs 2.05 per listing and 2015 runs 1.94 against that 2013-2019 median. The 2004-2005 cars sit in a generation where our catalog holds too few listings to apply the rule.

The generations

problems cluster by generation, not by badge — know which one you're looking at

1985–1990

Gen 1 (B11 and B12, 1985-1990)

Wikipedia dates the B11 to model years 1982-1986 and the B12 to 1987-1990 in North America. This page starts at 1985, where our data starts, so 1985 and 1986 are B11 cars and 1987-1990 are B12 cars.

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 6.00 for 1985 (6 complaints across 1 listings) to 42.00 for 1989 (42 across 1), against a generation median of 22.00. The highest year, 1989, is 1.9 times that median. No year reaches the 2.0x our rule needs together with an above-median ad share and 30 or more listings, so nothing is flagged. The 1985, 1986 and 1987 NHTSA records are led by seat belts (Seat Belts (14), Power Train (6), Engine And Engine Cooling (4) for 1987). We have not read those complaints one by one, so we do not say what failed.

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
any	Recalls on file (2 campaigns in our records): 91V022000 (1990), 95V103002 (1987-1990)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	The records include seat belt recalls (91V022000 for belt guides, 95V103002 for front buckle release buttons). We found no sourced repair costs or mileage windows for this era, so there are no other items. Confirm each recall by VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls.

Buying one — check these

Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls. The seat belt recalls are the ones in our records for this era.
Check for rust: the floor, rocker panels, strut towers and rear arches before anything mechanical.
Ask for maintenance history; at this age records are the only evidence we can point you to.

We have no cleared sales for 1985 to 1990 in our catalog, so there is no clearing price to show.

Full Gen 1 (B11 and B12, 1985-1990) guide →

1991–1994

Gen 2 (B13, 1991-1994)

Wikipedia dates the B13 to model years 1991-1994 in North America (production August 1990 to October 1994).

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 29.00 for 1993 (58 complaints across 2 listings) to 103.00 for 1994 (103 across 1), against a generation median of 64.00. The highest year, 1994, is 1.6 times that median. No year reaches the 2.0x our rule needs together with an above-median ad share and 30 or more listings, so nothing is flagged. The 1994 NHTSA record is led by Seat Belts (24), Service Brakes, Hydraulic (13), Engine And Engine Cooling (8). We have not read those complaints one by one, so we do not say what failed.

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
any	Recalls on file (2 campaigns in our records): 91V022000 (1991), 95V103002 (1991)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	The only campaigns that reach these years in our records are the two seat belt recalls, and both run only into 1991. We found no sourced repair costs or mileage windows for the B13, so there are no other items.

Buying one — check these

Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls and confirm the seat belt recalls were done on a 1991.
Check for rust at the floor, sills and strut towers, and for fluid leaks at the engine and transaxle.
Cars this old are often modified or neglected. Ask what has been replaced and look for the receipts.

We have no cleared sales for 1991 to 1994 in our catalog, so there is no clearing price to show.

Full Gen 2 (B13, 1991-1994) guide →

1995–1999

Gen 3 (B14, 1995-1999)

Wikipedia dates the B14 to model years 1995-1999 in North America, with GA16DE and SR20DE engines.

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 19.33 for 1998 (58 complaints across 3 listings) to 54.00 for 1997 (108 across 2), against a generation median of 19.67. The highest year, 1997, is 2.7 times that median. No year reaches the 2.0x our rule needs together with an above-median ad share and 30 or more listings, so nothing is flagged. In the NHTSA record air bags lead for 1995 through 1998 (Air Bags (23), Visibility (20), Service Brakes, Hydraulic (10) for 1997). We have not read those complaints one by one, so we do not say what failed.

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
any	Recalls on file (5 campaigns in our records): 00V063000 (1995-1996), 95V028000 (1995), 97V110000 (1997), 98V008000 (1996-1997), 98V093000 (1995-1998)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	Includes 00V063000, a front coil spring corrosion recall (1995-1996 Sentras) and 98V093000 for windshield wiper linkage. Confirm by VIN. We found no sourced repair costs or mileage windows for the B14, so there are no other items.

Buying one — check these

Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls, then look at both front coil springs for rust pitting or breakage.
Check for rust at the rear arches, sills and floor.
Test every air bag and brake warning light at start-up; a light that stays on is a question for the seller.

1995 to 1999 Sentras in our catalog clear between $1,250 and $1,390 depending on year (3 cleared sales in total). The lowest yearly median is 1998 at $1,250 (1 sales) and the highest is 1999 at $1,390 (2 sales). Years with fewer than 50 cleared sales: 1998, 1999. Read those loosely.

Full Gen 3 (B14, 1995-1999) guide →

2000–2006

Gen 4 (B15, 2000-2006)

Wikipedia dates the B15 to model years 2000-2006 in North America (production November 1999 to August 2006), with a 1.8L QG18DE, a 2.0L SR20DE in 2000-2001 and a 2.5L QR25DE. Our catalog holds few cars for the early years (listings by year, 2000: 2, 2001: 7, 2002: 12, 2003: 3, 2004: 14), so those rates are small-denominator figures and our rule cannot flag them.

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 3.74 for 2006 (116 complaints across 31 listings) to 85.50 for 2000 (171 across 2), against a generation median of 26.50. The highest year, 2000, is 3.2 times that median. No year reaches the 2.0x our rule needs together with an above-median ad share and 30 or more listings, so nothing is flagged. MileageCurve, which analyses the same NHTSA complaints, puts the engine and cooling system at 36.3% of the 1,374 complaints for 2000-2006 with a median of 67,000 miles (complaints, not a failure rate). Our own NHTSA pull leads with the same area in 2002: Engine And Engine Cooling (105), Electrical System (34).

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
median 67,000 miles among engine and cooling complaints that record mileage (MileageCurve)	Engine and cooling complaints, 2.5L oil consumption (2006)	Not verified: we found no sourced repair cost for this generation	NHTSA recall 06V223000 covers certain 2006 cars with the 2.5L for excessive oil consumption, and 07V527000 covers crankshaft position sensor overheating on 2.5L cars from 2002 to 2006. The mileage is the median of owner complaints, so it says when owners reported, not when parts wear out. Check the oil level cold and ask for oil change records.
any	Crank and cam position sensor recalls	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	01V357000 (1.8L crank position sensor, 2000-2001, engine could stop running), 03V455000 (circuit board, 2000-2003), 06V242000 (2.5L crank angle sensor, 2003-2004) and 07V527000 (2.5L, 2002-2006). A stalling history is the symptom to ask about; confirm each by VIN.
any	Takata passenger air bag inflator recalls (2002-2006)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	15V287000, 20V008000 and 20V747000 name 2002-2006 Sentras. 20V747000 covers cars whose passenger air bag was inspected earlier and may have been released without a new inflator. Check the VIN even if a seller says it was done.

Buying one — check these

Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls for the air bag inflator and the sensor recalls, and ask for proof the work was done.
On a 2.5L, check the oil level cold and ask for oil change records; the 2006 oil consumption recall is why.
Scan for stored codes and ask about stalling or a flashing check engine light.
Look at the rear arches, rocker panels and floor for rust before anything else; the cars are 19 to 26 years old.

2000 to 2006 Sentras in our catalog clear between $1,750 and $3,349 depending on year (71 cleared sales in total). The lowest yearly median is 2003 at $1,750 (3 sales) and the highest is 2004 at $3,349 (10 sales). Years with fewer than 50 cleared sales: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006. Read those loosely.

Full Gen 4 (B15, 2000-2006) guide →

2007–2012

Gen 5 (B16, 2007-2012)

Wikipedia dates the B16 to model years 2007-2012 in North America with a 2.0L MR20DE or 2.5L QR25DE, six-speed manual or CVT. The CVT in 2.0L cars is the Jatco RE0F10A (Transmission Audit). The 2007 flag rests on 35 listings and only 21 enriched ads, so read it as a small base.

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 1.22 for 2009 (55 complaints across 45 listings) to 4.40 for 2007 (154 across 35), against a generation median of 2.14. The highest year, 2007, is 2.1 times that median. Flagged by our rule: 2007. MileageCurve counts 842 NHTSA complaints for 2007-2012; transmission and driveline is 17.1% of them with a median of 74,000 miles (complaints, not a failure rate). For 2012 our pull is led by Power Train (43), Air Bags (13).

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
belt and pulley wear at 90,000 to 140,000 miles (Transmission Audit); median 74,000 miles among transmission complaints that record mileage (MileageCurve)	CVT shudder, slipping, replacement (2.0L cars with the CVT)	$4,000 to $6,000 total for a new CVT, $3,000 to $4,500 rebuilt, $2,500 to $4,000 used (CVT Mechanic, owner-forum estimates for Sentras of all years). A Nissan dealer blog (search snippet) gives $5,000 to $8,000 for a remanufactured unit. These ranges are quoted separately and are not for this generation alone.	Two different mileage sources, and they measure different things: one is a shop's experience, the other a median of owner complaints. Nissan's 2013 service bulletins for the RE0F10A are listed by Transmission Repair Cost Guide (not read). The extended-warranty bulletins we read for 2013-2019 Sentras do not name these cars. The Nissan owner letter quoted by Automotive Addicts extended CVT coverage to 10 years/120,000 miles on 2003-2010 model-year Nissans; we did not read a Sentra-specific list and do not know the letter's date, and by calendar that window has run out for every 2007-2010 car. 2011-2012 are not named in it.
any	Bosch brake master cylinder recall (2007-2008)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	08V311000 covers 169,202 2007-2008 Sentras (the seal groove in the master cylinder body may leave a gap); 09V431000 covers certain 2008 cars. Confirm by VIN.
any	Battery cable recalls (2010-2011)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	10V555000 and 11V579000 name 2010-2011 Sentras (the latter 2.0L MR20 cars). Electrical system is the top NHTSA component for 2010 and 2011 in our pull. Confirm by VIN.

Buying one — check these

On the test drive, accelerate gently from a stop and from 20 mph and feel for shudder, slip or a whine that rises with road speed.
Ask for CVT fluid service records; none on a car this old is a question to put to the seller.
Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls for the master cylinder and battery cable recalls plus the Takata work if listed.
Check the steering for play and the air bag warning light at start-up.

Years flagged

A year is flagged by our rule only when all three hold: (1) its NHTSA complaints per catalog listing is at least 2.0x the median for its generation, (2) the share of ads that mention a problem is above the generation median, and (3) we track at least 30 listings for that year. The cutoff was fixed before we looked. Ad mentions are not failures, and a flag is a reason to inspect harder, not a verdict on any one car. We also re-ran the ad test with the 'rust' flaw left out, because the ad reader counts phrases like 'no rust' as mentions, and publish a flag only if it passes both ways.

2007 — flagged by our rule: NHTSA complaints are more than twice the generation norm, and ads mention a problem more often than the generation median. Inspect the items in this section and confirm recall work was done. complaints 4.40 complaints per listing (154 NHTSA complaints / 35 listings) vs generation norm 2.14 (generation median) · ad mentions 6 of 21 enriched ads = 28.6% (generation median 9.4%); with the 'rust' flaw excluded 5 of 21 · n=35

Complaints add up over a car's whole life, so older years in a generation can look worse here than they are. Read this flag next to the complaint details below.

2007 to 2012 Sentras in our catalog clear between $2,850 and $3,972 depending on year (293 cleared sales in total). The lowest yearly median is 2010 at $2,850 (58 sales) and the highest is 2012 at $3,972 (88 sales). Years with fewer than 50 cleared sales: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011. Read those loosely.

Full Gen 5 (B16, 2007-2012) guide →

2013–2019

Gen 6 (B17, 2013-2019)

Wikipedia dates the B17 to model years 2013-2019 in North America. The CVT is the Jatco RE0F11A (JF015E) per Transmission Audit. In the NHTSA record power train is the top component for 7 of the 7 model years (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019).

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 1.00 for 2019 (223 complaints across 222 listings) to 4.52 for 2013 (638 across 141), against a generation median of 1.94. The highest year, 2013, is 2.3 times that median. Flagged by our rule: 2013. MileageCurve, which analyses the same NHTSA complaints, calls transmission and driveline the largest complaint area for 2013-2019 with a median of 77,000 miles (complaints, not a failure rate). Our 2013 pull is led by Power Train (238), Service Brakes (64), Air Bags (60).

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
first drivability complaints at 70,000 to 120,000 miles (Transmission Audit); median 77,000 miles among transmission complaints that record mileage (MileageCurve)	CVT shudder, hesitation, failure	$4,200 to $5,800 total for a remanufactured CVT, of which $3,000 to $4,000 is parts and $1,200 to $1,800 labor (Transmission Audit, a shop-written site, 2013-2019 page). CVT Mechanic's owner-forum estimates for Sentras of all years: $4,000 to $6,000 new, $3,000 to $4,500 rebuilt, $2,500 to $4,000 used. A Nissan dealer blog (search snippet) gives $5,000 to $8,000 for a remanufactured unit. These ranges are quoted separately. One Reddit owner (2019, an anecdote) was quoted 8000 by Nissan.	Two different mileage sources that measure different things: a shop's experience and a median of owner complaints. Valve body replacement is priced at $1,400 to $2,200 at 70,000 to 110,000 miles by Transmission Audit alone (one source), and a fluid service at $240 to $400 (same page). Ask for fluid service records and feel for shudder when accelerating gently.
extended from 60 months/60,000 miles	Nissan CVT warranty extension, 84 months/84,000 miles	Covered work is free at a Nissan dealer while the extension runs	A Nissan owner letter covers 2013-2017 Sentras (CVT assembly, valve body, torque converter, cooler kit, software), and Nissan bulletins dated May and November 2023 cover 2018-2019 Sentras built 9/18/2017 to 11/23/2019. The 2013-2017 class notice made the extension contingent on court approval, and the 2023 notice says owners who opted out of the class action are excluded. The window runs from the original in-service date, so many older cars are already past it; a Nissan dealer can check a VIN.
any	Occupant classification sensor and air bag recalls	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	16V242000 and 16V244000 (occupant classification sensor, 2013-2016), 15V681000 (frontal air bags, 2013-2014) and 17V253000 (inflator, 2014-2017) are among the campaigns on file. Air bags is among the top three components in the 2013 and 2014 NHTSA record. Confirm each by VIN.
any	Recalls on file (13 campaigns in our records): 13V068000 (2013), 13V069000 (2013), 14V138000 (2013-2014), 15V453000 (2015), 15V681000 (2013-2014), 16V242000 (2013-2016), 16V244000 (2013-2016), 16V436000 (2016), 16V485000 (2016), 17V253000 (2014-2017), 18V551000 (2017), 19V654000 (2018-2019), 21V135000 (2016-2019)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	Other campaigns include 13V068000 (fuel tank assembly, 2013 cars built Sept-Oct 2012), 16V485000 (engine room harness, 2016) and 21V135000 (brake light switch, 2016-2019). Confirm each by VIN.

Buying one — check these

Ask for the CVT fluid service history, then drive it: accelerate gently from a stop and from 20 mph and feel for shudder, hesitation or a whine.
Have a Nissan dealer run the VIN for open recalls and for the CVT warranty extension, and ask the seller whether the car was part of the class action opt-out.
Scan for stored codes and ask about limp mode or a transmission warning light.
Check the occupant sensor and air bag warning light at start-up.

Years flagged

2013 — flagged by our rule: NHTSA complaints are more than twice the generation norm, and ads mention a problem more often than the generation median. Inspect the items in this section and confirm recall work was done. complaints 4.52 complaints per listing (638 NHTSA complaints / 141 listings) vs generation norm 1.94 (generation median) · ad mentions 8 of 103 enriched ads = 7.8% (generation median 6.7%); with the 'rust' flaw excluded 7 of 103 · n=141

Complaints add up over a car's whole life, so older years in a generation can look worse here than they are. Read this flag next to the complaint details below.

2013 to 2019 Sentras in our catalog clear between $4,400 and $7,700 depending on year (907 cleared sales in total). The lowest yearly median is 2014 at $4,400 (156 sales) and the highest is 2019 at $7,700 (168 sales).

Full Gen 6 (B17, 2013-2019) guide →

2020–2025

Gen 7 (B18, 2020-2025)

Wikipedia dates the B18 to model years 2020-2025 in North America. In the NHTSA record steering is the top component for 2020, 2021, 2022.

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 0.26 for 2025 (31 complaints across 119 listings) to 3.98 for 2020 (207 across 52), against a generation median of 0.85. The highest year, 2020, is 4.7 times that median. No year reaches the 2.0x our rule needs together with an above-median ad share and 30 or more listings, so nothing is flagged. MileageCurve counts 511 NHTSA complaints for 2020-2025 with steering the largest area at 27.8% and a median of 40,000 miles (complaints, not a failure rate). 2020 is the highest year but rests on 52 listings and no enriched-ad count, so the ad half of our rule cannot be met; it is not flagged. Our 2020 pull is led by Steering (39), Unknown Or Other (26), Forward Collision Avoidance (25).

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
any	Tie rod recalls (bent tie rod, loss of steering control)	Free at a Nissan dealer: replace both tie rods, up to 2.0 hours (campaign bulletin)	21V461000 names 2020-2021 Sentras and 23V581000 names 2020-2022. Consumer Reports (Aug 2023) reported the repeat recall. A bent tie rod can break and cause loss of steering control. Confirm by VIN even if a seller says the work was done.
any	Driveshaft not fully seated in the CVT (2024-2025)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	24V304000 names certain 2024 Sentras and 26V410000 certain 2025 Sentras: the front left driveshaft may not be fully seated in the CVT. Confirm by VIN.
any	Recalls on file (12 campaigns in our records): 21V461000 (2020-2021), 22V244000 (2020), 23V421000 (2022), 23V581000 (2020-2022), 23V628000 (2020-2021), 24V154000 (2023-2024), 24V304000 (2024), 24V498000 (2024), 25V153000 (2025), 25V807000 (2025), 26V023000 (2025), 26V410000 (2025)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	Other campaigns include rearview camera harness (23V628000), LED headlight aim (22V244000), cowl seal (23V421000), windshield bubbles (24V498000, 25V807000), a seat frame (25V153000) and door strikers (26V023000). Confirm each by VIN.
Not verified	CVT warranty and cost data for 2020-2025	Not verified: we found no sourced repair costs or Nissan warranty extension for these years	The CVT extensions we read cover 2013-2019 cars. We did not find a sourced mileage window or price for 2020-2025 CVT work, so none is given.

Buying one — check these

Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls and confirm the tie rod work was done on a 2020-2022 car, with the repair order.
On the test drive, check the steering for pulling, play or noise over bumps.
Check the rearview camera image and the window and door latches.
Ask how much of the factory warranty is left; the dealer can check by VIN.

2020 to 2025 Sentras in our catalog clear between $10,972 and $18,412 depending on year (387 cleared sales in total). The lowest yearly median is 2020 at $10,972 (46 sales) and the highest is 2025 at $18,412 (92 sales). Years with fewer than 50 cleared sales: 2020, 2021, 2023. Read those loosely.

Full Gen 7 (B18, 2020-2025) guide →

2026–2026

Gen 8 (B19, 2026-present)

Wikipedia dates the B19 to model year 2026 onward; it was revealed on September 23, 2025, with an Xtronic CVT.

NHTSA complaints per catalog listing run from 1.73 for 2026 (19 complaints across 11 listings) to 1.73 for 2026 (19 across 11), against a generation median of 1.73. The highest year, 2026, is 1.0 times that median. No year reaches the 2.0x our rule needs together with an above-median ad share and 30 or more listings, so nothing is flagged. With one year and 11 listings, treat these as counts, not rates.

What happens at what mileage

Miles	Item	Cost	Notes
any	Recalls on file (1 campaigns in our records): 26V145000 (2026)	Free at a Nissan dealer when open	Includes 26V145000, a front seat frame hook bracket weld on 2026 Kicks and Sentra. Confirm by VIN. We found no sourced repair costs or mileage windows for 2026, so there are no other items.

Buying one — check these

Run the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls before buying.
Confirm the factory warranty start date and what remains.
Cars this new have little history; read the window sticker and service record.

2026 to now Sentras in our catalog clear between $22,541 and $22,541 depending on year (9 cleared sales in total). The lowest yearly median is 2026 at $22,541 (9 sales) and the highest is 2026 at $22,541 (9 sales). Years with fewer than 50 cleared sales: 2026. Read those loosely.

Full Gen 8 (B19, 2026-present) guide →

The receipts — complaint & mention data

the story above, validated by two independent sources: federal complaints (NHTSA) + what sellers mention in 1628 real ads from our catalog

What sellers mention in their own ads

Issue	Ads mentioning	Rate
electrical	35/1628	2.1%
transmission	33/1628	2.0%
rust	32/1628	2.0%
suspension	9/1628	0.6%
engine replaced	9/1628	0.6%
ac failure	4/1628	0.2%

These are mentions, not confirmed failures — a seller writing "hybrid battery just replaced" and one writing "needs hybrid battery" both count. High rates mean the issue is common enough that sellers address it unprompted.

Federal complaints by model year (NHTSA)

complaint volume spikes show where problems cluster — higher bars, more owner pain

Year	Complaints	Top components
1985	6	Seat Belts, Engine And Engine Cooling, Equipment
1986	6	Seat Belts, Structure, Fuel System, Gasoline,electrical System
1987	38	Seat Belts, Power Train, Engine And Engine Cooling
1988	38	Seat Belts, Engine And Engine Cooling, Fuel System, Gasoline
1989	42	Seat Belts, Engine And Engine Cooling, Suspension
1990	39	Seat Belts, Engine And Engine Cooling, Power Train
1991	64	Seat Belts, Fuel System, Gasoline, Electrical System
1992	64	Electrical System, Power Train, Engine And Engine Cooling
1993	58	Power Train, Service Brakes, Hydraulic, Seat Belts
1994	103	Seat Belts, Service Brakes, Hydraulic, Engine And Engine Cooling
1995	118	Air Bags, Service Brakes, Hydraulic, Visibility
1996	141	Air Bags, Visibility, Power Train
1997	108	Air Bags, Visibility, Service Brakes, Hydraulic
1998	58	Air Bags, Visibility, Vehicle Speed Control
1999	59	Electrical System, Tires, Engine And Engine Cooling
2000	171	Engine And Engine Cooling, Electrical System, Air Bags
2001	236	Engine And Engine Cooling, Electrical System, Tires
2002	318	Engine And Engine Cooling, Electrical System, Air Bags
2003	180	Engine And Engine Cooling, Electrical System, Engine
2004	197	Engine And Engine Cooling, Air Bags, Fuel System, Gasoline
2005	170	Engine And Engine Cooling, Fuel System, Gasoline, Air Bags
2006	116	Air Bags, Engine, Fuel System, Gasoline
2007	154	Air Bags, Steering, Power Train
2008	167	Air Bags, Steering, Service Brakes, Hydraulic
2009	55	Air Bags, Steering, Service Brakes
2010	144	Electrical System, Air Bags, Engine
2011	142	Electrical System, Engine, Air Bags
2012	180	Power Train, Air Bags, Engine
2013	638	Power Train, Service Brakes, Air Bags
2014	380	Power Train, Air Bags, Unknown Or Other
2015	352	Power Train, Air Bags, Unknown Or Other
2016	270	Power Train, Unknown Or Other, Air Bags
2017	231	Power Train, Unknown Or Other, Air Bags
2018	185	Power Train, Unknown Or Other, Forward Collision Avoidance
2019	223	Power Train, Unknown Or Other, Electrical System
2020	207	Steering, Unknown Or Other, Forward Collision Avoidance
2021	133	Steering, Electrical System, Forward Collision Avoidance
2022	81	Steering, Electrical System, Unknown Or Other
2023	20	Unknown Or Other, Electrical System, Back Over Prevention
2024	41	Unknown Or Other, Power Train, Steering
2025	31	Tires, Unknown Or Other, Visibility
2026	19	Unknown Or Other, Wheels, Back Over Prevention

total: 5,983 complaints on file · source: NHTSA complaints database (api.nhtsa.gov)

Recalls (61 campaigns)

Show all recall campaigns

Wheels 01V277000 · 29/08/2001

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. THE COOLING HOLES IN THE STEEL WHEEL MAY HAVE BURRS ON THEIR EDGES AS A RESULT OF IMPROPER MANUFACTURING. THESE BURRS CAN CAUSE CRACKS AS THE VEHICLE IS BEING DRIVEN. ...

Electrical System:wiring 16V485000 · 29/06/2016

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2016 Sentra vehicles manufactured April 11, 2016, through April 26, 2016. The engine room harness may have a terminal pin too large to maintain a...

Power Train:driveline:driveshaft 24V304000 · 29/04/2024

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2024 Sentra vehicles. The front left-side driveshaft may not be fully seated in the continuously variable transmission (CVT) assembly, or may have a loose or...

Power Train:driveline:driveshaft 26V410000 · 27/06/2026

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2025 Nissan Sentra vehicles. The front left-side driveshaft may not be fully seated in the continuously variable transmission (CVT) assembly, which can cause a...

Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module 24V154000 · 27/02/2024

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2024 Titan, Frontier, Infiniti QX60, Pathfinder, 2023-2024 Sentra, Versa, Kicks, Infiniti QX50, and 2023 Rogue vehicles. Due to a manufacturing issue, the...

Air Bags:sensor:occupant Classification 16V244000 · 26/04/2016

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2016-2017 Nissan Maxima, 2013-2016 Nissan Altima, NV200, LEAF, Sentra, and Pathfinder, 2014-2016 Nissan NV200 Taxi, Infiniti QX60, QX60 Hybrid, and...

Air Bags:sensor:occupant Classification 16V242000 · 26/04/2016

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2013-2016 Sentra vehicles manufactured June 4, 2012, to April 9, 2016. The front passenger seat belt bracket may become deformed if it is used to...

Electrical System:software 14V138000 · 25/03/2014

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2013-2014 Altima, LEAF, Pathfinder, and Sentra, model year 2013 NV200 (aka Taxi) and Infiniti JX35 and model year 2014 Infiniti Q50 and QX60...

Exterior Lighting 06E049000 · 24/05/2006

CERTAIN CK MOTORSPORTS COMBINATION HEADLIGHTS, CLEAR CORNER, BUMPER, AND SIDE MARKER LIGHTS SOLD AS REPLACEMENT LAMPS FOR USE ON THE PASSENGER VEHICLES LISTED ABOVE. SOME COMBINATION LAMPS THAT ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH...

Seat Belts:front:buckle Assembly 95V103002 · 24/05/1995

THE FRONT SAFETY BELT BUCKLE RELEASE BUTTONS CAN BREAK. THESE RED PLASTIC RELEASE BUTTONS ARE MARKED "PRESS." IF A BUTTON BREAKS, PIECES CAN FALL INTO THE BUCKLE ASSEMBLY CAUSING THE BUCKLE TO OPERATE IMPROPERLY.

Suspension:front:control Arm:lower Arm 01V174000 · 23/05/2001

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. ONE OR MORE OF THE THREE BOLTS USED TO ATTACH EACH FRONT SUSPENSION LOWER CONTROL ARM TO THE BODY ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT SIDES MAY NOT HAVE BEEN PROPERLY MANUFACTURED.

Exterior Lighting 06E026000 · 23/03/2006

CERTAIN PRO-A MOTORS CORNER LAMPS, TURN SIGNALS, AND HEADLIGHTS SOLD AS REPLACEMENT LAMPS FOR USE ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES LISTED ABOVE. SOME COMBINATION LAMPS THAT ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH AMBER SIDE REFLECTORS...

Electrical System:ignition 18V551000 · 22/08/2018

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2017 Nissan NV200, Sentra, NV3500 Van, NV3500 Bus, NV200 Taxi, NV1500, NV2500 Van, Chevrolet City Express, 2017-2018 Frontier, Versa Note, and Versa Sedan...

Structure:body:door 97V110000 · 22/07/1997

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. ONE OF THREE STYROFOAM PADS LOCATED IN EACH REAR DOOR AS PART OF THE DESIGN FOR ENSURING COMPLIANCE WITH FMVSS NO. 214, "SIDE DOOR STRENGTH," WAS NOT INSTALLED.

Visibility:windshield 25V807000 · 21/11/2025

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2025 Sentra vehicles. The windshield glass may have visible air bubbles, which can obscure the driver's visibility. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with...

Latches/locks/linkages 15V453000 · 21/07/2015

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2015 Nissan Rogue vehicles manufactured June 9, 2015, to June 10, 2015, and 2015 Nissan Sentra and Versa Note vehicles manufactured June 5, 2015, to...

Engine And Engine Cooling 06V223000 · 21/06/2006

CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH 2.5L ENGINES MAY EXPERIENCE EXCESSIVE ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION AS A RESULT OF IMPROPER PERFORMANCE OF THE PISTON RINGS.

Latches/locks/linkages:doors:latch 26V023000 · 21/01/2026

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2025 Altima, Sentra, 2025-2026 Frontier, and 2026 Kicks vehicles. The door strikers may have been improperly welded and break, allowing the door to open while...

Exterior Lighting:tail Lights 98V008000 · 21/01/1998

THESE VEHICLES DO NOT MEET THE ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS OF FMVSS NO. 108, "LAMPS, REFLECTIVE DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT."

Air Bags:frontal 15V681000 · 20/10/2015

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Altima and Pathfinder vehicles, 2013-2014 Nissan Sentra vehicles, 2013 Infiniti JX35 vehicles, 2014-2015 Infiniti QX60 vehicles and 2014...

Engine And Engine Cooling 03V455000 · 17/11/2003

ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES, THE CIRCUIT BOARD FOR THE CRANK POSITION SENSOR OR CAM POSITION SENSOR MAY HAVE AN IMPROPER SOLDER JOINT DUE TO SOLDER DEFORMATION CAUSED BY HEAT STRESS ACCELERATED BY THE EXISTENCE OF...

Exterior Lighting 06E064000 · 17/07/2006

CERTAIN TRADESONIC COMBINATION LAMPS SOLD AS REPLACEMENT LAMPS FOR USE ON THE ABOVE LISTED PASSENGER VEHICLES. COMBINATION LAMPS NOT EQUIPPED WITH AMBER SIDE REFLECTORS FAIL TO CONFORM WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF...

Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly 21V461000 · 17/06/2021

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2020-2021 Sentra vehicles. The left and/or right tie rod may be bent.

Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:gasoline 01V357000 · 16/11/2001

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A 1.8 LITER ENGINE. THE ENGINE COULD STOP RUNNING WHILE BEING DRIVEN DUE TO A DEFECTIVE CRANK POSITION SENSOR. THIS COULD ALSO RESULT IN THE "SERVICE ENGINE...

Electrical System:12v/24v/48v Battery:cables 11V579000 · 15/12/2011

NISSAN IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2010-2011 SENTRA VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH MR20 ENGINES, MANUFACTURED FROM MAY 11, 2010, TO MAY 22, 2010, AND JULY 8, 2010, TO OCTOBER 25, 2010. THE ZINC COATING APPLIED TO THE...

Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly 23V581000 · 15/08/2023

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2020-2022 Sentra vehicles. The left and/or right tie rod may bend.

Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module 16V436000 · 15/06/2016

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2016 LEAF vehicles manufactured February 24, 2016, to March 23, 2016, and Sentra vehicles manufactured February 9, 2016, to March 4, 2016. The...

Air Bags 15V287000 · 15/05/2015

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2001-2003 Nissan Maxima, 2002-2004 Pathfinder, 2002-2006 Sentra, 2002-2003 Infiniti QX4 and I35, 2003 FX35 and FX45, and 2001 I30 vehicles. Upon...

Unknown Or Other 02V056000 · 15/02/2002

ON SOME PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A NISSAN-APPROVED ACCESSORY FLOOR MAT THAT WAS INSTALLED EITHER AT THE ASSEMBLY PLANT OR BY THE DEALER, DUE TO THE LENGTH OF THE DRIVER SIDE FLOOR MAT, A SMALL AMOUNT OF MAT...

Engine And Engine Cooling 07V527000 · 14/11/2007

ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A 2.5L ENGINE, THE CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CAN OVERHEAT CAUSING A BRIEF INTERRUPTION IN THE SIGNAL OUTPUT FROM THE SENSOR.

Electrical System:ignition:module 03V477000 · 14/11/2003

ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH THE QG18DE ENGINE OR QR25DE ENGINES, THE FOAM MATERIAL USED FOR THE INTERIOR LINING OF THE ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULE (ECM) BOX EMITS SULFUR AS IT CURES.

Exterior Lighting:headlights 22V244000 · 13/04/2022

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2020 Sentra vehicles, equipped with LED headlights. The right-hand headlight aim may be misaligned. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the...

Air Bags 17V253000 · 13/04/2017

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2015-2017 LEAF and 2014, 2016 and 2017 Sentra vehicles. Due to a manufacturing error within the air bag inflators, the passenger frontal air bag may not...

Seats 26V145000 · 13/03/2026

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2026 Kicks and Sentra vehicles. The hook bracket of the front seat frames may be insufficiently welded, which can cause the front seat frames to become loose....

Exterior Lighting:headlights 06E023000 · 13/03/2006

CERTAIN ANZO COMBINATION HEADLAMP ASSEMBLIES SOLD AS REPLACEMENT LAMPS FOR USE ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES. SOME COMBINATION LAMPS ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH AMBER SIDE REFLECTORS WHICH FAIL TO CONFORM TO FEDERAL MOTOR...

Exterior Lighting:headlights 01V376000 · 12/12/2001

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES FAIL TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS OF FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD NO. 108, "LAMPS, REFLECTIVE DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT." THESE VEHICLES WERE MISSING...

Electrical System:12v/24v/48v Battery:cables 10V555000 · 12/11/2010

NISSAN IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2010-2011 SENTRA VEHICLES, MANUFACTURED FROM MAY 22, 2010, THROUGH JULY 8, 2010. DUE TO A MACHINING IRREGULARITY, THE BOLT/WASHER SURFACE ON THE POSITIVE BATTERY TERMINAL CABLE...

Back Over Prevention: Sensing System: Camera 19V654000 · 12/09/2019

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2018-2019 Nissan Altima, Armada, Frontier, Kicks, Leaf, Maxima, Murano, NV, NV200, Pathfinder, Rogue, Rogue Sport, Sentra, Titan, Titan Diesel, Versa Note and...

Structure:body 23V421000 · 12/06/2023

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2022 Sentra vehicles. The driver's side cowl area may have a missing or improper seal, which can allow water to leak inside the vehicle and corrode electrical...

Service Brakes, Hydraulic:foundation Components:master Cylinder 08V311000 · 11/07/2008

NISSAN IS RECALLING 169,202 MY 2007-2008 SENTRA PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED ROBERT BOSCH MASTER CYLINDER. DUE TO THE MACHINING IRREGULARITY BY THE SUPPLIER, THE INTERNAL SEAL GROOVE IN THE BODY OF SOME BRAKE MASTER...

Exterior Lighting:headlights 09E025000 · 11/05/2009

DOPE, INC. IS RECALLING 42,540 COMBINATION CORNER AND BUMPER LAMP ASSEMBLIES OF VARIOUS PART NUMBERS SOLD FOR USE AS AFTERMARKET EQUIPMENT FOR VARIOUS PASSENGER VEHICLES. THESE HEADLAMPS FAIL TO CONFORM TO THE...

Seats 25V153000 · 11/03/2025

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2025 Sentra vehicles. The driver's seat frame may not be fully secured to the outer side of the seat track. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the...

Engine And Engine Cooling:exhaust System:manifold/header/muffler/tail Pipe 03V084000 · 11/03/2003

ON CERTAIN VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH THE 2.5 LITER ENGINE, THE EXHAUST PIPE HANGER PIN MAY CATCH DEBRIS FROM THE ROAD THAT COULD BE IGNITED BY CONTACT WITH THE MAIN CATALYST. ALSO ON 2002 ALTIMA AND SENTRA VEHICLES,...

Engine And Engine Cooling 03V511000 · 10/12/2003

ON CERTAIN ELECTRIC VEHICLES, THE FRONT SUSPENSION TRANSVERSE LINK'S BALL JOINT BRACKET MAY BREAK FROM STRESS CONCENTRATION AT A NOTCH CREATED BY SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND THE SHAPE OF THE MATERIAL CUT-LINE.

Equipment:electrical:navigational System(Global Positioning System) 10V401000 · 10/09/2010

NISSAN IS RECALLING CERTAIN VEHICLES THAT WERE EQUIPPED WITH A GARMIN NUVI MODEL 750 NAVIGATION SYSTEM. THE BATTERIES CONTAINED IN THE AFFECTED GPS UNITS CAN OVERHEAT.

Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module 22E066000 · 09/08/2022

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain air bag inflator replacement service parts that may have been installed as part of a theft or collision repair. The parts include certain passenger-side air...

Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module 20V008000 · 09/01/2020

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2001-2003 Maxima, 2002-2006 Sentra, 2002-2004 Pathfinder, 2007-2011 Versa Sedan and Versa Hatchback, 2001-2004 Infiniti I30 and I35, 2002-2003 Inifiniti QX4,...

Back Over Prevention: Sensing System: Camera 23V628000 · 08/09/2023

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2019-2021 Altima and 2020-2021 Sentra vehicles. Damage to the camera harness can cause distortion or loss of the rearview camera display image. As such,...

Seat Belts 91V022000 · 08/02/1991

IMPROPER BELT GUIDE PERFORMANCE CAN CAUSE FRAYING OF THE SHOULDER SAFETY BELTS NEAR THE RETRACTOR.

Engine And Engine Cooling 06V242000 · 07/07/2006

ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A 2.5L ENGINE, THE CRANK ANGLE SENSOR IS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS. UNDER CERTAIN DRIVING CONDITIONS, THESE VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE CAN BE LARGE ENOUGH TO CAUSE...

Fuel System, Gasoline:storage 05V269000 · 07/06/2005

ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES, A VAPOR HOSE LOCATED IN THE FUEL TANK MAY NOT HAVE BEEN FORMED CORRECTLY DURING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS. WHEN THE VEHICLE IS PARKED WITH A FULL FUEL TANK, FUEL MAY FLOW INTO THE...

Exterior Lighting 09E012000 · 07/04/2009

SABERSPORT IS RECALLING 16,270 COMBINATION CORNER AND BUMPER LAMP ASSEMBLIES OF VARIOUS PART NUMBERS SOLD FOR USE AS AFTERMARKET EQUIPMENT FOR VARIOUS PASSENGER VEHICLES. THESE HEADLAMPS FAIL TO CONFORM TO THE...

Visibility:windshield Wiper/washer:linkages 98V093000 · 05/05/1998

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. WATER CAN ENTER AND DISPLACE THE GREASE IN THE WIPER ARM LINKAGE BALL JOINT WHERE THE WIPER LINKAGE ATTACHES TO THE WIPER MOTOR LINKAGE.

Service Brakes, Hydraulic:foundation Components:master Cylinder 09V431000 · 03/11/2009

NISSAN IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2008 SENTRA PASSENGER VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH BOSCH MASTER CYLINDERS. BRAKE FLUID MAY LEAK FROM THE MASTER CYLINDER. IF THE AMOUNT OF BRAKE FLUID IN THE MASTER CYLINDER...

Exterior Lighting:brake Lights:switch 21V135000 · 03/03/2021

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2016-2019 Nissan Sentra vehicles. The brake light switch may become contaminated, preventing the circuit from closing and the brake lights from illuminating.

Suspension:front:springs:coil Springs 00V063000 · 02/03/2000

VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. THE FRONT COIL SPRINGS MAY NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT CORROSION RESISTANCE IN AREAS OF THE COUNTRY WHERE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF DE-ICING SALTS ARE APPLIED TO ROADS IN THE WINTER.

Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module 20V747000 · 01/12/2020

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2002-2006 Sentra vehicles whose passenger air bags were previously inspected and may have been released without replacing the Takata air bag inflator. In the...

Visibility:windshield 24V498000 · 01/07/2024

Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2024 Nissan Sentra vehicles. The windshield may have air bubbles on the front lower driver's side, which can obscure the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). ...

Air Bags 13V069000 · 01/03/2013

Nissan is recalling certain model year 2013 Altima, LEAF, Pathfinder, Sentra, and Infiniti JX35 vehicles. Sensors within the passenger Occupant Detection System (ODS) may have been manufactured out of specification....

Fuel System, Gasoline:storage:tank Assembly 13V068000 · 01/03/2013

Nissan is recalling certain model year 2013 Sentra vehicles manufactured from September 11, 2012, through October 4, 2012. Some fuel tank assemblies were not properly sealed during the manufacturing process. As a...

Service Brakes, Hydraulic:antilock/traction Control/electronic Limited Slip 95V028000 · 01/03/1995

THE ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS) HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR WAS NOT PROPERLY PURGED OF ALL AIR DURING THE FILL AND EVACUATION PROCESS CAUSING AIR BUBBLES TO GET INTO THE BRAKE SYSTEM.

Own a Nissan Sentra, or pricing one? See what they're actually selling for →

Questions people actually ask

What Nissan Sentra years should you avoid?

We don't tell you to skip a year; we flag by a fixed rule, and it flags 2013 (638 complaints across 141 listings, 4.52 per listing against a 2013-2019 median of 1.94) and 2007 (154 complaints across 35 listings, 4.40 per listing against a 2007-2012 median of 2.14, on only 35 listings). Third-party lists name 2013-2015 and 2004-2005. In our data 2014 has 2.05 per listing and 2015 has 1.94, both under our cutoff.

How much does a Nissan Sentra CVT replacement cost?

Sources disagree and none is a Nissan quote. Transmission Audit, a shop-written site, gives $4,200 to $5,800 for a remanufactured CVT on 2013-2019 Sentras. CVT Mechanic's owner-forum estimates for all years are $4,000 to $6,000 new, $3,000 to $4,500 rebuilt and $2,500 to $4,000 used. A Nissan dealer blog gives $5,000 to $8,000 remanufactured.

Did Nissan extend the Sentra CVT warranty?

Yes, for 2013-2019. A Nissan owner letter covers 2013-2017 Sentras at 7 years/84,000 miles, and 2023 bulletins cover 2018-2019 cars built 9/18/2017 to 11/23/2019. The 2023 notice says owners who opted out of the class action are excluded, and the window runs from the original in-service date, so a dealer must check the VIN.

At what mileage do Sentra CVTs fail?

For 2013-2019 cars, Transmission Audit puts first drivability complaints at 70,000 to 120,000 miles, and MileageCurve's analysis of NHTSA complaints gives a median of 77,000 miles. The MileageCurve figure is a median of when owners reported, not a failure rate.

Is the Nissan Sentra tie rod recall still open?

Campaign 23V581000 names 2020-2022 Sentras and 21V461000 names 2020-2021 cars. A bent tie rod can break and cause loss of steering control; the dealer repair is free. Check the VIN at nhtsa.gov/recalls, because a later campaign repeated the recall on some cars.

Which Sentra generation has the fewest complaints?

We don't rank generations. Our own numbers: 2013-2019 has a median of 1.94 NHTSA complaints per catalog listing and 2007-2012 has 2.14. Those rates are not directly comparable across generations, because newer cars have had less time and different ways of being reported.